9月21日，第一届生物炭研究与应用国际研讨会在沈阳开幕。本次会议由沈阳农业大学、中国土壤学会主办，沈阳市科协资助支持，来自国内外的650多位专家学者参加了交流研讨。

今天的大会报告围绕绿色农业发展、生物炭的研究与应用、黑土地保护等议题进行了专业的探讨，为国内外相关领域的专家学者提供了学术交流、技术合作的平台。

沈阳农业大学校长陈启军致辞

沈阳市科协党组书记吴智丰致辞

中国工程院院士、沈阳农业大学教授陈温福致辞

Prof.Fusuo Zhang, China Agricultural University

Title: Transformation of agriculture towards green development

Cereal grain yield in China has been merely secured by much higher input of resources including fertilizer, irrigation, plastic film and other chemicals. Data are based on the China statistic yearbook.

Significant soil acidification was found in major Chinese croplands. The average soil pH values decreased by 0.5 units from the 1980s to 2000s, largely due to overuse of N fertilizers.

As we all expected, biochar is believed to be a good choice to achieve green development, sequestrating CO₂, providing high quality agricultural inputs and products. Biochar technology might be a feasible way to achieve a new and high level balance in agriculture. Especially, when we talk about the structural reform on supply-side, biochar means much more in China.

So, in order to make good use of straw, overcome environmental problems, professor Chen proposed his biochar based comprehensive utilization road map. That is, ‘based on decentralized biochar production network, develop biochar based fertilizer and soil amelioration agents to improve soil fertility and achieve sustainable agriculture and environment.’ In this map, biochar is defined as specifically derived from straw or other wasted agricultural biomass. Biochar comes from agriculture, and will go back to agriculture. that will make a carbon negative circle.

It is easy to think but hard to work. There are three key points in this circle. At first, we should know how to make biochar from straw. It should be cheap enough and easy for operation. Secondly, how to apply biochar to the farmland. We can’t ask farmers for more financial inputs. Thirdly, how to achieve large-scale application. Can we make the whole cycle profitable to the companies? Technical feasibility and economic feasibility should be considered at same time.

Biochar– Research Trends:

Main research topics during last ten years were studies on carbon sequestration and soil fertility as a soil amendment.

Very recently, researches on soil   and water remediation have been extensively conducted focusing on various contaminant removal.

In previous stage, the studies on the utilization of BC in crop production have experienced the route of BC production, the relationships of BC properties and different soil processes, and further reveals of the underlying mechanisms to improve specific soil problem. This is a ‘BC application-oriented’ process.

Now, in order to better BC utilization and enhance its efficiencies to solve the specific soil problems, a new study route is needed. Specifically, the BC production should be guided by the needs for the improvement of specific properties under specific soil problems. This is a ‘Soil problem-oriented’ process.

However, several aspects are also needed to be clarified around this new study route, including:

Firstly, the key mechanisms/ processes contributed to the improvement of specific soil problem are needed to be further ascertained.

Secondly, The regulated mechanisms of functional microbes and their effects on related soil processes are needed to be investigated.

Thirdly, the studies on designing the functional BCs with desirable properties more effectively and costly are urgently needed.

Lastly, among the different BC properties, how to tune the BC properties in order to have optimal sorption and nutrient properties should be given more concerns.

Addition of biochar causes a decrease of concentrations of souble TEs even under dynamic redox conditions.

Biochar as amendment seems to be a promising technique as remedial option for contaminated paddy soils.

Biochar amendment immediately and proportionally enhances SOC though inducing priming effect and reducing humification rate of wheat straw.

Biochar amendment induces immediate changes in soil fertility parameters.

The response of crop production to biochar amendment largely depends on the factors of crop, soil, climate, rate, biochar etc.

The response of crop production to biochar amendment largely depends on the factors of crop, soil, climate, rate, biochar etc.

It is easy to increase SOM from 15 g/kg (current value) to the target of 35 g/kg through biochar amendment.

Biochar is not magic! But understanding its properties can give us a new tool to address soil constraints

Some biochars have a good fertiliser value while higher C biochars more suites to increase soil C or used as a platform material

We are moderately confident about the stability of biochars in soil.

We are starting to understand how biochars may further increase soil C content through stabilising rhizodeposits.

Biochar alters soil nutrient cycling- for example through changing soil redox and influencing P availability.

Biochar has primarily been used for long-term storage of carbon in soil; but Biochar application has multi-functional values – beyond carbon storage.

Biochar can be used to remove contaminants from soil and water, thereby helps in the remediation of these resources.

Biochar can be used as a catalyst in many applications including energy sector.

Biochar can be used as an animal feed to increase the nutrient assimilation and to reduce toxicity in the gut.

Biochar application improves soil health, thereby increasing soil productivity and crop production.

SOM: high in north and low in south, show increase trend in general.

plow-pan exists   in 88%, depth around 12.50～17.50 cm; characterized as “shallow”, “thin” and “low penetration resistance”.

Chengwu Zhao, Hefei Debo Bioenergy Science&Technology Co., Ltd.

Title: High value biomass carbonization technology and application

Pengyuan Zhang, Chengde Huajing Activated Carbon Co., Ltd.

Title: Future Development Forecast of Wood-based Activated Carbon （Chinese）

Chenxu Yu, Zhejiang Yangtze River Delta Junong Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.

Title: Design and development of an automatic mobile factory for biochar production

Prof.Jingkuan Wang ，Shenyang Agricultural University

Title: Cultivated land quality and promotion techniques in black soil regions of China

Currently, there were two hypothesis about high lever of soil organic carbon, we called them as soil organic carbon balance point.

One hypothesis is the ideal saturated soc, means soc should be increased to the final steady state with the c input.

The other is the undisturbed soc in natural soil, means soc of natural soil is higher than farmland soil after reclamation.

The results from the long-term experiment or modelling showed, in the current situation, SOC of high fertility soil was at the relative steady state,

Which could be treated as the target value to other fertility levels.

Addition of biochar causes a decrease of concentrations of souble TEs even under dynamic redox conditions.

Biochar as amendment seems to be a promising technique as remedial option for contaminated paddy soils.

会场掠影